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Describe a method to determine the linear expansivity of a solid. Can the cubical expansivity be determined from this value? Determination of coefficient  of  linear expansion  of   a solid material by using Pullinger’s Apparatus : The coefficient of linear expansion is determined by using Pullinger’s apparatus. It comprises of solid material, hollow cylinder, thermometer, heat supply kit and a simple electrical circuit having battery and galvanometer. At first, the length (L 1 ) of the sample is measured. The set up is shown in the figure below, where the sample is kept inside the hollow cylinder, thermometer and heat supply kit are connected as shown in the figure. Above the hollow cylinder, spherometer is adjusted in such a way that middle leg of it touches the sample and other three legs are placed in an insulating stand. To check the connectivity of the   middle leg of spherometer with a sample an electrical circuit is introduced. ...

Solution Of tutorial 1- Heat and Temperature and Thermal expansion. Tally with the answer according to the question number.  cont... Cont. Cont. If any confusion mention in the comment section with the proper question number. 

How was the Neutron discovered? "The fundamental subatomic particles electron and proton are not only the constituents of the atom there is still something inside the atom."  ~Rutherford(1920) Breakthrough : Scientists started to compare masses of different atoms on the basis of protons they possessed because electron contributes negligible mass to an atom.  When the masses of the two hydrogen atoms were compared with one helium atom scientist found the huge difference in the mass between them. Generally, Helium has 2 protons so it should have mass 2 units and 2 hydrogen atom should have 2 unit mass because of 2 protons. When the mass between them was compared it was observed the mass of the single helium atom was much heavier than the mass of two hydrogen atoms. It was found that masses of 4 hydrogen atoms were equals to mass of 1 helium atom. This discrepancy gave birth to a new idea. pic credit-Tyler DeWitt Again mass of lithium, boron, carbon atoms...

Facebook announces project  LIBRA Cryptocurrency : Can Libra overshadow the dominance of the dollar in the international market?  Facebook is launching project LIBRA a Cryptocurrency by 2020. It is a virtual currency like bitcoins. You can have a transaction anywhere from the world. Bitcoins are the successful cryptocurrency so far . pic credit-the guardian " A cryptocurrency is a digital asset designed to work as a medium of exchange that uses strong cryptography to secure financial transactions, control the creation of additional units, and verify the transfer of assets. Cryptocurrencies use decentralized control as opposed to centralized digital currency and central banking systems. The decentralized control of each cryptocurrency works through distributed ledger technology, typically a blockchain, that serves as a public financial transaction database." WIKIPEDIA We have to wait...

We will miss great LEE-LIN rivalry   If we dare to win, we should also dare to lose. – Lee Chong Wei – Badminton has produced the greatest rivalry of Lee-Lin, Lee Chong of Malaysia and Lin Dan of China. After the failure to recover fully  Lee retired from Badminton in 2019, Both are masters of champions. credit-chinadaily As a singles player, Lee was ranked first worldwide for 349 weeks, these including 199-week streak from 21 August 2008 to 14 June 2012. credit-badmintonplanet Lee Chong Wei is no doubt the best men's singles opponent I've played, and this gives me extra motivation to raise my game each time I play against him. Lin Dan

How the proton was discovered? William Crooks experiment on the discharge tube is the landmark for the discovery of the fundamental particles, electron, and proton. The experimental set up as shown in the figure below: It was said that the cathode rays emits from source  irrespective of shape and size of the cathode. Now the scientist we called Goldstein tried the experiment with perforated aluminum as a cathode. Perforated aluminium  The set up was the same as setting up of William Crook with high voltage, low pressure except of the perforated Cathode. When the switch was on: Cathode rays traveled from cathode to anode and spark was noted at the anode, this case was already studied by the scientists but new thing was simultaneously the spark occurred in front of the cathode on the wall of the discharge tube. This observation leads to the discovery of the positive charges of anode rays or canal rays. Interpretation As cathode rays emits they kno...

DISCOVERY OF ELECTRON Let us travel back to an era, this was the period when Faraday had discovered Faraday cell. It was proven that when two opposite charges, high potential collides a spark is produced followed by a sound. At that time natural phenomena like lightning, thundering and extreme change of weather were considered as an act of God and its hard to convince orthodox religious people about these as a physical phenomenon because at that time priest were considered as a supremo of a society. But the story is quite different here at that time there used to be two groups people one side of religious orthodox people and another side of innovative, radical (scientist) people. Scientists say these all are natural phenomena but others group says it is the Gods decision if he gets angry then these kinds of events occurred. There was a scientist called Benjamin Franklin it was said that he performed a kite experiment to prove lightning is just a physical phenomenon. He tied a m...